hp12c

Model:	-12C

General:
	Name:			Programmable Financial Calculator
	Code-Name:		1.0
	Family:			Voyager, Series 10
	Logic:			RPN
	Features:		basic business, programmable, TVM, bond,
				depreciation, date arithmetic
	Firsts:			Voyager (with -11C)
	Introduction:
		Date:		1981-9-1
		Price:		$150
	Discontinuation:
		Date:		in production
		Price:		$69.99 as of 2003-01-31
	Production-Run:		in the millions

Display:
	Type:			LCD, 7 segment
	Size:			1 line x 10 chars
	Number-Formats:		sign,  10 mantissa
				sign, 7 mantissa, ., exp sign, 2 exp
	Annunciators:		*	battery low
				f	f-shift
				BEGIN	begin/end mode
				D.MY	date format
				C	compound interest
				PRGM	program mode

Data:
	User-Visible:
		Smallest:	1E-99
		Largest:	9.999999999E99
		Signif.-Digits:	10
	Internal:
		Smallest:	1E-99
		Largest:	9.999999999E99
		Signif.-Digits:	10
	Data-Types-and-Sizes:	real, 7 bytes

Memory:
	Named-Registers:	X, Y, Z, T, Last x
				N, I, PV, PMT, FV
				0-9, .0-.9
				CF0-9 in R0-9, CF10-19 in R.0-.9,
				 CF20 in FV, n is CFj counter
	Flags:			none
	Register-Usage:		R1	\GSn
				R2	\GSx
				R3	\GSx^2
				R4	\GSy
				R5	\GSy^2
				R6	\GSxy
	Numbered-Registers:	20 -> 7
	Program-Steps:		0 -> 99
	Program-Editing:	replace
	Program-Display:	keycode
	User-RAM-Bytes:		203
	Total-RAM-Bytes:	281
	ROM-Bytes:		7808
	Machine-State:		prefix key state
				stack lift enable
				display mode
				program counter
				three level return stack
				radix mark
				PRGM mode
				program / register memory divider
				BEGIN/END mode
				D.MY / M.DY mode
				compound interest mode
				registers
				memory
	File-Types:		none

Physical:
	Technology-Used:	CMOSC
	Processor:		1LE2 SACAJAWEA [ see HP-15C processor notes ]
	Chip-Count:		3 chips: 1LE2 (uControler containing display
				driver, memory manager & Saturn CPU),
				1LF5 & 1LK1 (RAM/ROM) [ see HP-15C processor
				notes ]
	Power-Source:		3 alkaline (Eveready A76) or silver-oxide
				(Eveready 357) button cells
	Continuous-Memory:	yes
	Expansion-Ports:	none
	I/O-Ports:		none
	Clock:			none

	Length:			?
	Width:			?
	Height:			?
	Weight:			?
	Temperature-Range:
		Operating:	0 to 55 deg C
		Charging:	none
		Storage:	-40 to 65 deg C

Keyboard:
	Switches:		none
	Shift-Keys:		f, yellow, above
				g, blue, below
	User-Defined-Keys:	none

Key-Arrangement::

** ** ** ** ** ** *** *** *** ***

** ** ** ** ** ** *** *** *** ***

** ** ** ** ** ** *** *** *** ***
	       **
** ** ** ** ** ** *** *** *** ***

Key-Labels-Base-Keyboard::

n	i	PV	PMT	FV	CHS	7	8	9	\:-
 x
y	1/x	%T	\GD%	%	EEX	4	5	6	x
R/S	SST	Rv	x<>y	CLx	ENTER	1	2	3	-
ON	f	g	STO	RCL	ENTER	0	.	\GS+	+

Key-Labels-f-gold-above::

AMORT	INT	NPV	RND	IRR	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
|--BOND---|	|--DEPRECIATION--|
PRICE	YTM	SL	SOYD	DB	[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
	|-------------- CLEAR ---------------|
P/R	\GS	PRGM	FIN	REG	PREFIX	[]	[]	[]	[]
[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	PREFIX	[]	[]	[]	[]

Key-Labels-g-blue-below::

12x	12\:-	CFo	CFj	Nj	DATE	BEG	END	MEM	[]
	 x
\v/x	e	LN	FRAC	INTG	\GDDAYS	D.MY	M.DY	x-.w	[]
PSE	BST	GTO	x\<=y	x=0	LSTx	x^,r	y^,r	n!	[]
[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	LSTx	x-	s	\GS-	[]

Programmable-Operations::

%		percent of
%T		percent of total
+		addition
-		subtraction
0-9, .		enter digit or decimal point
1/x		reciprocal
12\:-		store X \:- 12 as i
12x		store 12 x X as n
AMORT		amorization of payments (all amounts rounded to display),
		updates PV and N
BEG		set Begin mode (and BEGIN annunciator)
CFj		enter the next cash flow
CFo		enter the first cash flow
CHS		change sign
CLEAR FIN	clear financial registers
CLEAR \GS	clear statistics and stack
CLx		clear X
DATE		compute new date
DB		compute declining balance depreciation
EEX		start an exponent
END		set End mode (and clear BEGIN annunciator)
ENTER		enter
e^x		natural exponentiation
FIX .		scientific notation mode (6 decimal places)
FIX 0-9		fixed decimal mode
FRAC		fractional part
FV		compute future value
GTO 0-99	go to program step
i		compute interest
INT		calculates simple interest
INTG		integer part
IRR		compute Internal Rate of Return on cash flows
LN		natural logarithm
LSTx		LAST X
n		compute number of periods (rounded to integer)
n!		factorial
NPV		calculate Net  Present Value on cash flows
Nj		enter the next number of cash flows
PMT		compute the payment
PRICE		compute the bond price
PSE		pause
PV		calculate the Present Value
R/S		start/stop a program
RCL 0-9,.0-.9, n, i, PV, PMT, FV	recall from register
RCL 12\:-	recall i x 12 into X
RCL 12x		recall n \:- 12 into X
RCL CFj		recall the flow at the jth cash flow entry
RCL Nj		recall the number at the jth cash flow entry
RND		round to match display
Rv		roll the stack down
s		compute standard deviation
SL		compute straight line depreciation
SOYD		compute sum of year's digits depreciation
STO +,-,x,\:- 0-4			storage arithmetic
STO 0-9,.0-.9, n, i, PV, PMT, FV	store in register
x		multiplication
x-		compute average
x<>y		exchange x and y
x=0		conditional test
x\<=y		conditional test
x^,r		linear estimate, correlation
x^,w		computes weighted averages
YTM		calculate the bond yield to maturity
y^,r		linear estimate, correlation
y^x		power
\:-		division
\GD%		percent change
\GDDYS		compute days between dates
\GS+		add to statistics
\GS-		subtract from statistics
\v/x    	square root

Non-Programmable-Operations::

BST		back step
CLEAR PREFIX	clear any prefix, shows all digits
CLEAR PRGM	(program mode) clear all program steps
		(run mode) set program counter to 0
CLEAR REG	clear all registers
D.MY		set date format (and clear M.DY annunciator)
f		f-shift
g		g-shift
GTO .0-.99	go to program line
M.DY		set date format (and set M.DY annunciator)
MEM		display memory status
ON		on/off
ON + +		inititate continuous self-test
ON + -		clear continuous memory
ON + .		toggle ,/. digit separator
ON + PMT	reset calculator
ON + x		initiate one self-test
ON + \:-	initiate keyboard test
P/R		program/run mode
SST		single step
STO EEX		toggle compound interest mode (and C annunciator)

	NOTE: The notation "KEY + KEY" means that both keys are pressed
	at the same time.

Menus::

none

Bugs/ROM-Versions::

none

Notes::

No matter how hard they try, they just can't kill it...

The internal circuit board has been reworked several times.

Supposedly, production was moved to Brazil.  The molds and molding
machines are reputedly so old that half of the cases come out warped.
But they can just throw those back into the melt and try again...

At some point, production moved to China.

This model is now (well, was) carried by Target discount department
stores.  This is the first HP to break into that market.

The AMORT and IRR functions compute to display precision accuracy.

Price changes:

	1983-02-01	$120
	1986-03-01	$99
	?		$94.95
	1995-01-01	$82.95
	1996-03-01	$94.95

30th Anniversary Edition run of 10,000 released fall of 2011.

The Aurora FN1000 is a clone of this machine.  Aurora keyboard
specifics:

Keyboard:
	Shift-Keys:		SHIFT, blue, above left
				ALPHA, yellow, above right

Key-Arrangement::

***	***			***	***
***	***	***	***	***	***
***	***	***	***	***	***
***	***	***	***	***	***
***	***	***	***	***
***	***	***	***	***
***	***	***	***	***
***	***	***	***	***

Key-Labels-Base-Keyboard::

SHIFT	ALPHA			ON/OFF	EPX
n	i	PV	PMT	FV	COM
 x
y	1/x	%T	\GD%	%	DATE
R/S	SST	GTO	x<=y	x=0	\GDDAYS
7	8	9	+	-
4	5	6	x	\:-
1	2	3	CLx	STO
0	.	+/-	Rv	ENTER

Key-Labels-Shift-blue-above-left::

[]	[]			[]	FIN
AMORT	INT	SL	SOYD	DB	PRGM
PRICE	YTM	NPV	IRR	RND	\GS
PSE	BST	P/R	INTG	FRAC	REG
MDY	DMY	MEM	\GS+	\GS-
BEG	END	x~	[]	[]
x-,w	x^,r	y^,r	LSTx	RCL
n!	s	[]	x<>y	PREFIX

Key-Labels-Alpha-yellow-above-right::

[]	[]			[]	-|
12x	12\:-	CFo	CFj	Nj	-|
	 x				 |
\v/	e	ln	[]	[]	-|
[]	[]	[]	[]	[]	CLEAR
[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
[]	[]	[]	[]	[]
[]	[]	[]	[]	[]